Computer Education – Glossary Terms

Hardware Terms

  • CPU (Central Processing Unit): The CPU is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions.
  • RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory used to store data while the computer is running.
  • ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent memory that stores essential system data.
  • Hard Drive: A storage device used to store data permanently.
  • Motherboard: A printed circuit board that connects all the components of a computer.
  • Input Devices: Devices used to enter data into the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
  • Output Devices: Devices used to display or output data (e.g., monitor, printer).
  • Network Interface Card (NIC): A device that enables a computer to connect to a network.
  • Modem: A device that converts digital signals into analog signals and vice versa.

Software Terms

  • Operating System: The software that manages a computer’s resources.
  • Application Software: Software designed for specific tasks (e.g., word processing, spreadsheets).
  • Programming Language: A language used to write computer programs.
  • Compiler: A program that translates high-level code into machine code.
  • Interpreter: A program that executes high-level code line by line.
  • Algorithm: A set of instructions to solve a problem.
  • Database: A collection of organized data.
  • Software Development Kit (SDK): A set of tools for creating software applications.

Networking Terms

  • Network: A group of computers connected.
  • LAN (Local Area Network): A network confined to a small geographic area.
  • WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that spans a large geographic area.
  • Internet: A global network of computers.
  • IP Address: A unique numerical label assigned to each device on a network.
  • Domain Name: A human-readable name for an IP address.
  • DNS (Domain Name System): A system that translates domain names into IP addresses.

General Terms

  • Bit: The smallest unit of data.
  • Byte: A group of 8 bits.
  • Kilobyte (KB): 1024 bytes.
  • Megabytes (MB): 1024 kilobytes.
  • Gigabyte (GB): 1024 megabytes.
  • Terabyte (TB): 1024 gigabytes.
  • User Interface: The way a user interacts with a computer.
  • Cybersecurity: Protecting computer systems from unauthorized access.
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI): The ability of computers to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
  • Internet of Things (IoT): The interconnection of physical devices embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity.
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